COPD is a collective term, which means a group of respiratory system chronic diseases: chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB), pulmonary emphysema (PE), severe bronchial asthma (BA). COPD is regarded as a syndrome with symptoms of terminal respiratory failure: forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) < 1,5 l. or 30% of the due value, when the disease progression leads to the loss of an bronchial obstruction inversive component, known as pulmonary hear. Often the reason of COPD is the COB (about 90%), about 1 % is the pulmonary emphysema (due to lack of α1-antitrypsin) and about 10% fall on the severe bronchial asthma. 

 Bronchial asthma - a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, in which mast cells, eosinophils and T-lymphocytes are involved. In predisposed people this inflammation leads to the repeated episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, heaviness in the chest and coughing, especially at night and / or early morning. These symptoms are usually accompanied by widespread, but variable bronchial tree obstruction, which is at least partly reversible either spontaneously or under the influence of treatment. The inflammation also causes an increase in friendly response of the respiratory tract to different stimuli (с) GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma). 

Distribution of bronchial asthma.
1. More than 300 million of people suffer from bronchial asthma
2. The disease of bronchial asthma in different country affects 1% to 18% of population (In Russia – 6,2%).
3. The maximum spread of the asthma is observed in countries with warm and humid climate, the minimum - in the deserts and the Arctic.
4. Today there is the rising in the severity of bronchial asthma.